Comparison of Thee Sculptures

Comparison of Three Sculptures Sara Aleman ART/101 David makes part of a very important character of the bible. It is the name of a small boy named David who defeated a giant named Goliath with a tiny stone. This bible story has inspired many artists among the years to make representations of David. Donatello, Michelangelo and Bernini make part of the inspired artists. These famous artists created sculptures to represent the brave David. These sculptures represent the same character but with the unique style of the artist that created them. Donatello’s sculpture of David was created in the Early Renaissance. It is made of bronze and reaches 158 cm of height. This sculpture depicts a naked David, wearing only a hat and boots. He has an enigmatic smile on his face. David is carrying a sword and he has his foot on Goliath’s head after defeating him. This statue became controversial for being the first freestanding nude man and because it was considered to have political significance. Michelangelo’s David was created during the High Renaissance, and has many differences from Donatello’s. First of all, Michelangelo’s statue of David is a lot bigger. It reaches 17 feet of height and is made of marble. This David is completely naked and his facial expression is cautious with a warning glare. This David does not seem victorious; instead, he seems decided and aware. Because of his facial expression and other details, this statue is thought to be David before his battle. Michelangelo’s David has body details that make the boy appear more mature and strong than Donatello’s young David. Gian Lorenzo Bernini created his statue of David using marble as the material. This statue is a life-size representation of David during his battle with Goliath. This David is partially nude his body language is very remarkable. David is about to throw the stone that will defeat the giant, Goliath. David has a very strong facial expression and the position of his body seems agile and decided. These three statues of David have their own charm and have become very distinguished throughout the years.

Credit Agricole and BP

PARIS (AFP) – French bank Credit Agricole, one of the biggest European banks by capitalisation, reported a doubling of net profit to 1. 0 billion euros ($1. 42 billion) in the first quarter, on Friday. The price of shares in the bank showed a gain of 1. 40 percent to 11. 23 euros in a market up 0. 57 percent overall. The outcome, marking an increase of 112 percent from the result 12 months ago, was in line with average estimates of analysts as polled by Dow Jones Newswires. At CM-CIC Securities, analyst Pierre Chedeville commented: â€Å"The group is showing its main characteristics again: operating efficiency and an excellent control of charges, very cautious policy for provisioning, and financing and investment activities steady. † Bank chief executive Jean-Paul Chifflet said that Credit Agricole's direct exposure to Greek debt was 631 million euros at the end of March. Credit Agricole is one of the few foreign banks to control a Greek bank, in the form of Emporiki bank. Company History: France's â€Å"green bank† was nicknamed for its roots in agriculture. Credit Agricole, composed of the Caisse Nationale de Credit Agricole and 90 regional banks, which together own 90% of the Caisse Nationale, is a unique cooperative organization and one of the most important banking groups in France. In the mid-1800s, it became clear that there was a need for agricultural credit in France, especially after a crop failure in 1856, which left rural areas in dire straits. One of the main causes of low production was a lack of sufficient credit for farmers, who often could not meet banks' normal credit requirements. In 1861, the government attempted to remedy this problem, asking Credit Foncier to establish a department expressly for agriculture. But the newly formed Societe de Credit Agricole accomplished little. By 1866, though some steps towards improvement had been suggested, the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War prevented their implementation. The society folded in 1876. Later, several financial cooperatives sprang up independently among farmers, operating in rural towns on a system of mutual credit. In 1885, the first society for agricultural credit was founded at Salins-les-Bains in the Jura; the maximum amount of credit a farmer could get was FFr500, the price of a yoke of oxen. By the end of the century, when talk of modernizing France's agricultural economy became more urgent, it was decided that this system of localized credit was more suitable for the rural population than credit emanating from a big central bank. In 1894, the Chamber of Deputies proposed a law to organize personal or short-term rural credit, based on the methods of the small credit societies already in existence. The law formalized the requirements for the societies' formation, made them exempt from taxes, and gave them a monopoly on state-subsidized loans to farmers. In 1897, the Bank of France made funds available to the banks through the minister of agriculture, and in 1899, a law was passed to create regional banks to act as intermediaries between the local societies and the minister of agriculture. The local cooperatives were self-governing societies with limited liability. Their members were mostly individual farmers. Each local cooperative was affiliated with a regional bank, where it transferred all deposits and obtained funds for loans. The local banks elected a committee to control the regional banks, which were mainly responsible for medium- and long-term loans. Thus, the hierarchy of Credit Agricole was established. One of the reasons Credit Agricole was so successful was its reliance on individual farmers. In the mid-1800s most of France's agricultural produce came from small farms rather than large estates, and the French government wanted to preserve the small family farm for several social and economic reasons. For instance, it was widely believed that small farmers cultivated the soil most intensively and so made better use of it. It was also thought to be better to have many small family farms than to create a â€Å"proletariat† to work on large farms. Nevertheless, France's agricultural methods were in need of modernization, and Credit Agricole helped small farmers buy new equipment and supplies to improve production. In 1910, a law established long-term personal credit for the purchase of land to encourage young men to farm. Only small holdings could acquire these loans, which could not exceed $1,600, and only young farmers were eligible; their characters were the basis for their credit. When World War I broke out in 1914, the European banking system was under severe duress due to difficulties with the gold exchange. However, gold was still in circulation in France and the Bank of France was able to increase its issue of notes, restoring some financial order. Throughout the war, agricultural production was at a minimum, and Credit Agricole, still a young institution, was able to survive only through continued support from the government. Agricultural output did not regain its prewar level until 1930. In 1920, a law was passed to organize the office National du Credit Agricole, a national society run by civil servants and the elected representatives of the regional banks but controlled by the government–the minister of agriculture would name its director. Office National du Credit Agricole also became responsible for the distribution of treasury loan funds and for rediscounting the short-term loans of local and regional societies. In 1926, the name was changed to Caisse Nationale de Credit Agricole (CNCA). As Credit Agricole grew in resources and capacity, it began to help not only individual farmers but also the cooperative trade movement gaining ground among agricultural groups. These new agricultural cooperatives, which organized industries in a way similar to unions, could often not raise the money to organize, and they needed Credit Agricole's support. In turn, the cooperatives helped France's recovery after the war. World War II hurt agriculture less than the first war had, and after the war, there was a period of rapid growth, spurred on by Credit Agricole's loans. Between 1941 and 1945, under the Vichy government, a Bank Control Commission was established and attempts were made to prevent the creation of new banks or branches. After 1945, however, the Bank of France and the other main banks were nationalized. A hierarchy was born, with the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of France at the top, giving the government the ability to sway the distribution of credit. In this sense, it won even more power to help further Credit Agricole. After the war, agriculture underwent a massive modernization plan. Credit Agricole played a major part by supplying capital for fertilizer, equipment, electrification, and improved water supplies. Since agricultural credit was subsidized by the government, and due to the quality of Credit Agricole's decentralized commercial network, agricultural institutions had the most rapid expansion rate of all the banks. Between 1938 and 1946, the capital funds of the regional societies increased from FFr1. billion to FFr28 billion. Credit Agricole extended its medium- and long-term loan operations and the government established special loans for farm equipment, causing a big increase in the number of farmers driving tractors. Financing for small farms continued; as late as 1958, cooperatives were favored over large farms. But France's farm productivity was below that of most other European countries, and some blamed the low productivity partially on the credit advantages given to small farms, which kept competition at bay. Earnings did not improve and the industry remained dependent on loans. About this time, the government began to apply stringent lending ceilings to the whole financial system to restrain the money supply and hold down inflation. This led many banks to diversify into overseas business and the Eurodollar market. A boom in French exports also created a demand for French banking expertise in the export markets. Credit Agricole, however, held back at first from international expansion, while growing rapidly with the French economy. In 1966, the state decided to allow Credit Agricole to widen its operations to become more flexible than a bank strictly for farmers. Under the new reform, Credit Agricole was allowed to make loans to individuals and organizations not specifically connected with agriculture. It was also allowed to create subsidiaries. One of the most important subsidiaries it created was the Union d'Etudes et d'Investissements, which used its resources to finance individual investments. In 1967, the government announced that all resources collected by Credit Agricole's regional and local banks, previously deposited in the French Treasury, would now be deposited with the Caisse Nationale de Credit Agricole. In 1971, the Union d'Etudes et d'Investissements, with an eye on important developments in the food processing business, created another subsidiary, L'Union pour le Developpement Regional, which was mainly to provide loans to agricultural and food processing industries or other similar operations in regions where they would create jobs. In July of the next year, the minister of finance, Giscard d'Estaing, warned Credit Agricole about its diversification, pointing out that its purpose must stay mainly agricultural and its activities balance financial and social profit, a recurring political theme in Credit Agricole's development. Other large banks complained about Credit Agricole's monopoly on farm credit and its tax-free status, which had allowed it to grow into one of the largest banks in France, while those concerned about farm aid worried that the bank's purpose would be diffused. Critics blamed Credit Agricole's expansion on the other banks' inertia and politicians' reluctance to attack Credit Agricole for fear of losing the support of farmers. By 1975, Credit Agricole had begun its international activities, focusing mainly on foreign agricultural loans and export companies. In 1977, when the U. S. dollar was low, Credit Agricole ranked briefly as the biggest bank in the world. In 1978, Credit Agricole's profit of FFr400 million was more than the other three main French banks combined. The bank had begun to finance housing (it is now the leading mortgage lender in France), silo construction, and exports, and had also become a money market lender. After other French banks campaigned for several months against Credit Agricole's advantages, the government finally curtailed those privileges. Credit Agricole's surpluses began to be taxed as profits, and for three years, the bank was prohibited from opening new branches in towns where it had no official purpose and competed unfairly with other banks. The compensation the government offered may have added more to Credit Agricole's growth than the privileges that were taken away. Before the new rules, the bank could only make direct loans in communities of 7,500 people or fewer, but under the new restrictions that limit was extended to 12,000. Credit Agricole continued to push forward with international expansion. In 1979, it opened its first international branch, in Chicago; London soon followed, and a New York City branch opened in 1984. By then, Credit Agricole was also extremely active in funding development in rural areas for roads, telephones, and airports, and the government was encouraging the bank to help out small industry. By 1981. Credit Agricole had several strong subsidiaries: Segespar, which headed the investment-and-deposit service group; Voyage Conseil, a French travel agency; Eurocard France, a payment-card company; Soravie, an insurance company for sales in local branches; Unimat (now Ucabail) and Unicomi, which financed equipment and industrial and commercial building; Unicredit, which provided loans for businesses; and Union d'Etudes et d'Investissements, now heavily involved with rural development. In January, 1981, Credit Agricole's charter was changed again to allow the bank to provide loans to companies with fewer than 100 employees, whether or not they were connected with agriculture. The government also eased its credit limits for farmers and stockbreeders, and Credit Agricole was no longer limited to lending in towns with fewer than 12,000 inhabitants. However, this wider range was balanced by new limits. Credit Agricole's tax bill was put in line with those of other corporations, at 50% of its profits. In addition, some of the bank's earlier surplus earnings had to be channeled back into the government's loan subsidies. In May, 1981, the Socialists won the national election. Soon all major French banks that weren't already nationalized became state controlled, and over the next few years, the government imposed a domestic policy of economic austerity in an attempt to reduce inflation, renew industry, and balance its foreign trade account. The next year, Credit Agricole's foreign assets rose by almost 60%. By 1982, only one-third of its funds went to agriculture. Credit Agricole had already acquired significant experience in the euroloan market, and at the beginning of 1983, it ranked among the most prominent banks in Europe in this area. By 1984, Credit Agricole had opened foreign branches in North America, Europe, Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East. Some Credit Agricole members were upset by the bank's strengthening international force. In 1984 an official of a farmer's union told Business Week that â€Å"given the dramatic situation of hundreds of thousands of farmers, Credit Agricole has better things to do in France. † Nonetheless, Credit Agricole management insisted that international business could only strengthen the company's ability to help farmers in France. In 1985, Credit Agricole established a subsidiary called Predica to enter the life insurance market. Capitalizing on Credit Agricole's extensive branch network, Predica had become the second-largest life insurer in France by 1988. As the French economy improved, the government began to ease regulations and remove limitations on capital markets. In 1986, a new conservative government came into power, and several Socialist officials were replaced almost immediately, including Jean Paul Huchon, Credit Agricole's general director. A plan to remove CNCA from state control had been brewing for some time; many other banks were in the process of becoming denationalized. Huchon had opposed this plan for Credit Agricole vehemently enough to cause his dismissal. His successor was Bernard Auberger, a former director of Societe Generale with ties to the Gaullist Party, which had campaigned to rid CNCA of state control. The new government also created easier bourse membership rules that allowed outside interests to buy into investment brokers. Following the trend of many banks after this deregulation, in 1988 Credit Agricole purchased controlling stakes in two Paris stockbrokers, Bertrand Michel and Yves Soulie. Finally, in 1987, the government began to take steps towards freeing CNCA from state control. On February 1, 1988, the state sold 90% of CNCA's common stock to its regional banks and the company was incorporated with FFr4. 5 billion in capital stock. Most of the rest of its stock went to employees, and the government holds a small stake. Soon after the mutualization, the newly private Credit Agricole began merging the Caisses Regionales to eliminate redundancies. By January, 1990 the number of district banks had been reduced from 94 to 90 and this number is expected to shrink substantially before the rationalization is over. The transition to private ownership was not completely smooth, though. A boardroom struggle in 1988 led to the exit of Bernard Auberger. Philippe Jaffre, who was the finance ministry's representative on CNCA's board of directors, was Auberger's surprise replacement. In 1989 Credit Agricole ceased to have a monopoly on the shrinking number of subsidized loans to farmers. In losing this monopoly, Credit Agricole lost an important, captive customer group. The bank should be able to compensate for this loss, however, with the new business it expects to pick up as a result of the lifting of restrictions on its business. When Credit Agricole lost its monopoly on subsidized farm loans, it was also freed of the unusual government restrictions on its business. Now Credit Agricole operates in much the same way as any other French bank, and it expects its business to improve rather than suffer as a result of this status. Under Jaffre, Credit Agricole, like all European enterprises, faces the challenges that the 1992 unification of the European Economic Community will bring. The bank has already made a successful transition from a purely agricultural bank into a full-service bank. Privatization should give Credit Agricole the freedom and flexibility it will need to face these challenges, but it will have to struggle with its slightly awkward structure–the 90 regional banks that control parent CNCA diffuse central decision-making power–and tackle operating costs that are much higher than its competitors'. If it can surmount those obstacles and capitalize on its tremendous domestic branch network, Credit Agricole will be an even more formidable European competitor than it already is. Principal Subsidiaries: Union d'Etudes et d'Investissements; Unicredit (98. %); Sopagri (52. 8%); Unimmo France (99. 6%); Unidev; Sofipar (52. 6%); Ucabail; Segespar; Segespar-Titres (50%); Predica (48%); Unibanque; Sogequip; Cedicam (50%). Source: International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 2. St. James Press, 1990. Credit Agricole in management reshuffle Kit Chellel 01 Dec 2010 The chief executive of Credit Agricole corporate and investment bank has been repla ced after two years in the job as part of sweeping management changes across the French bank under the direction of new group chief executive Jean-Paul Chifflet. Patrick Valroff, aged 62, will stand down to make way for Jean-Yves Hocher, who will also continue in his current role as deputy chief executive of the group. The board of Credit Agricole held a meetings on yesterday and today before announcing a series of management changes. Jean-Paul Chifflet was appointed chief executive in March and has indicated that he intends to overhaul the group’s strategy. The new 10-year strategic plan will be released later this month. Within Credit Agricole's corporate and investment banking unit, a new xecutive structure sees deputy chief executive Pierre Cambefort taking over responsibility for coverage, investment and corporate banking and the international network, while head of risk Francis Canterini has been appointed deputy chief executive in charge of support functions. Elsewhere, Alain Massiera, the deputy chief executive of Credit Agricole CIB has been appointed as head of the private banking business. It is understood that Valroff was b rought in at the height of the financial crisis refocus the business, a role which he has completed successfully following three successive quarters of profits. A spokesperson confirmed he would remain at the bank in another capacity. In August, Credit Agricole recorded an 89% rise in profits to â‚ ¬379m following strong performance in its corporate and insurance divisions. Other management changes unveiled today include the appointments of Yves Nanquette as chief executive of Credit Agricole LCL (retail) replacing Christian Duvillet, and Jerome Grivet as chief executive of the bank’s assurance arm replacing Bernard Michel. Thierry Langreney took over as chief executive of the Pacifica insurance division from Patrick Duplan. All three outgoing chief executives have retired.

Paraphrase the paper that i will upload Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paraphrase the paper that i will upload - Essay Example of knowledge on the world, enhance their social responsibility sense in addition to learning about the pragmatic and analytical skills required for the up and coming events they will encounter in the course of their lives. College teaches one to respect in diversity; something that cannot be learned by studying books, also called experiential learning.Being surrounded by individuals from various countries results in new perspectives and issues,and assists widen the various types of experiences shared.In addition;it also welcomes stereotypes to rethink issues associated with race,ethnicity and politics. College assists in obtaining wider knowledge of the broader world.It is only in college where courses associated with society,history and science are taken;lesons that according to Aydrey Osler are prerequisites for an individual to discover new interests or acquire fresh insights.Thus,for instance,studying social sciences provides individuals with a say in shaping their future,assists inunderstanding finance,plays a part in the health and wellness ,assisting in making society safer,improving the quality of education for future generations in addition to helping students in understanding democracy better. Students should be taught knowledge about democracy and democratic institutions and provided opportunities to practice democracy† (Osler 74). Attending college assists in development of a sense of social responsibility. . â€Å"Contributing to a larger community involves recognizing and acting upon one’s responsibility for the general welfare of others in the larger community within and beyond the college campus† (Reason, Ryder, Kee 18).For instance, participating in college campaigns teaches team spirit, leadership and dedication. Thus, we require more socially responsible people in the current world capable of thinking about the community as well as other people’s welfare. People seem to think of society as an agency whose core function is resolution

The determinants of the crises upon the technology firms in turkey Essay

The determinants of the crises upon the technology firms in turkey - Essay Example The business cycle or economic cycle refers to the ups and downs seen somewhat simultaneously in most parts of an economy. The cycle involves shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid growth of output (recovery and prosperity), alternating with periods of relative stagnation or decline (contraction or recession). These fluctuations are often measured using the real gross domestic product. To call those alternances "cycles" is rather misleading as they don't tend to repeat at fairly regular time intervals. Most observers find that their lengths (from peak to peak, or from trough to trough) vary, so that cycles are not mechanical in their regularity. Since no two cycles are alike in their details, some economists dispute the existence of cycles and use the word "fluctuations" (or the like) instead. Others see enough similarities between cycles that the cycle is a valid basis of studying the state of the economy. A key question is whether or not there are similar mechanisms that generate recessions and/or booms that exist in capitalist economies so that the dynamics that appear as a cycle will be seen again and again. Now let us closely observe the main types of business cycles enumerated by Joseph Schumpeter and others in this field have been named after their discoverers or proposers: 1. The Kitchin inventory cycle (3-5 years) -- after Joseph Kitchin. 2. The Juglar fixed investment cycle (7-11 years) -- after Clement Juglar. 3. The Kuznets infrastructural investment cycle (15-25 years) -- after Simon Kuznets, Nobel Laureate. 4. The Kondratiev wave or cycle (45-60 years) -- after Nikolai Kondratiev. Edward R Dewey, who formed The Foundation for the Study of Cycles, studied cycles in everything -- including economic data.... The paper tells that in the Juglar cycle, which is sometimes called "the" business cycle and is the main focus of this entry, recovery, and prosperity are associated with increases in productivity, consumer confidence, aggregate demand, and prices. In the cycles before World War II or that of the late 1990s in the United States, the growth periods usually ended with the failure of speculative investments built on a bubble of confidence that bursts or deflates. In these cycles, the periods of contraction and stagnation reflect a purging of unsuccessful enterprises as resources are transferred by market forces from less productive uses to more productive uses. Cycles between 1945 and the 1990s in the United States were generally more restrained and followed political factors, such as fiscal policy and monetary policy. Automatic stabilization due the government's budget helped moderate the cycle even without conscious action by policy-makers. Because the periods of stagnation are painfu l for many who lose their jobs, pressure arises for politicians to try to smooth out the oscillations. An important goal of all Western nations since the Great Depression has been to limit the dips, and until 2001 or so, a comparable period of economic malaise was avoided. Government intervention in the economy can be risky, however. For instance, some of Herbert Hoover's efforts (including tax increases) are wide, though not universally, believed to have deepened the depression. This was perhaps because his ideas were uninformed by Keynesian economics.

CV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

CV - Essay Example Actively solicit new accounts and relationships in the Steel Industry; negotiate long term contracts, prices, terms and conditions (for Coking Coal, Iron Ore, Manganese Ore + Alloys); research, analyze and assess customer needs, usage levels, budget and supply programs. Utilize superior networking and communications abilities, continually building strong customer relations, achieving outstanding customer satisfaction. Assist senior management in all areas of operations. Researched market conditions in regional and national areas to determine potential sales of consumer products. Evaluated effectiveness of surveys, opinion polls and questionnaires. Assisted in assessing market position and developing guidelines and recommendations. Performed accounting and audit procedures on cash accounts and subsequent events. Monitored routine operations, filing, answering credit statements and memos. Examined invoices for appropriate authorization and classification. Researched, analyzed and summarized a variety of financial transactions and reports. Interacted efficiently as team worker. Effective marketing strategies were developed with my assistance. Analyzed current client needs industry capacity, competitive intelligence and potential positioning. Established research methodology; designed format for data gathering. Statistical data were examined and future marketing trends were forecasted. Gathered data on competitors and analyzed prices, sales and methods of

Informative or Persuasive Speech Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative Persuasive - Speech or Presentation Example They’ve been controversial since their start: People have protested being searched, saying, â€Å"I haven’t done anything wrong. Why on earth are you searching me?† They have been protesting the time it takes and the fact that the body scanner reveals†¦ well, a little more than they ever wanted to show. In the year 2009, airport body scanners were suggested as a way to increase airport security. The unsuccessful bombing on Christmas day was no doubt what scared many airport personnel and travelers in the United States into thinking that they were necessary. Forty scanners had already been purchased for ports around the United States. Some specific airports that had scanners by 2009 were the JFK airport, the Phoenix airport, and the LA airport. On New Years’ day, 2011, we knew that things would be changing for our nation. One of the things that changed was airport security: over 159 scanners have been purchased and are awaiting installment in various a irports. The question is: How would you feel about having someone rush over to you and say, â€Å"You’ve been called out of line. ... This is designed to ensure security, and to ensure nothing is being snuck in the airport. It does not portray a Two-D image of any sort. It does, however, create a three D scanner, which security personnel can use to see whether or not you are sneaking onto the airplane. Our second option is less complex. It’s called the â€Å"backscatter X-ray.† What it does is it takes a 2-D image of the front and back of the individual that is being scanned, and it creates and rotates that movement. The X-ray takes a 2-D image of the front and back of the person. It is much like an X-Ray technology. [Slide X shows the process that the airport scanners go through.] There are many pros to this technology, despite the protests about the scanner. For one, for instance, we are able to see what is being snuck across airplane borders. This is great, because not everyone is truthful with what they are taking across the borders. The airport technology will no doubt help prevent another attack such as September 11, 2011. These airport security scanners are designed to reveal everything under the clothes, preventing anyone from being able to sneak things through. It is able to show both metallic and non metallic weapons. It is also able to show guns, knives, plastic, explosives, and many other items. The body scanners reveal items that a simple pat down would miss. Many people protest the scanners because there are other options. â€Å"Why don’t you just pat me down?† They ask. However, a simple pat down can miss hidden objects, may be against regulations in some cultures, and are known for â€Å"being touching†, something many women have found to be inappropriate. Another alternative – dogs – can only help so much. Swabs can detect chemicals and explosives, but

The Tale of Genji by Lady Muraski Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation - Essay Example This is an interpretation of the fact that organizational goals have been attained with the inclusion of motivational strategies among the employees. In all organizations, it is the responsibility of the managers to ensure that the employees are always motivated through a study of the needs of these employees and organizing them according to the needs of the staff. In this case, therefore, the cases of dissatisfaction among the employees will be minimal since assessment of the needs of the staff are well scrutinized, making the employers have a chance to motivate these employees towards attaining the performance of the entire organization. Moreover, motivation has been accredited for its ability to drive the employees towards goal attainance, by aiding the employees get over the factors that restrained goal achievement (Gerhart, 2005). In light to this argument, motivation can be described as the direction towards setting the pace for goal attainment and completion. If the managers h ave the need to make their organizations achieve the best, the desire for accomplishment can only be possible if they motivate the employees. However, Herrera (2002) cautions all the managers against applying motivational strategies in the organization prior to consulting the employees on their opinions. In turn, the organization enjoys productive employees, who are self directed towards making tangible decisions regarding the organizational objectives. Studies indicate that employees who are motivated are more enthusiastic and are constantly on the move to ensure that the organization attains the best through dedicated service. These groups of motivated employees must be treated with utmost respect as are the custodians of the organizations. This is emphasized in the work by Holton, Dent & Rabbetts (2009) who argue that employee preparedness cannot be overruled in a discussion of successful organizations. From the research compiled by Panisoara & Panisoara (2006), high-quality perf ormance in organizations is greatly correlated with motivated workers. In the quest to achieve organizational goals, apposite motivation among the employees has led to the employees having the ability to deal with any form of challenges that they may face. This is also linked to the fact that the managers always allocate roles to the employees that are best suited so that they get contented while performing them. An industrial company mainly depends on human labour to achieve its goals. Human labour comprises of about 50 percent of the most valuable assets in these organizations. According to Ramlall (2004), employees in manufacturing companies carry the biggest responsibility on whether the company competes relatively in the market. As almost all companies do, they should try as much as possible to retain their current group of employees. In HS Engineering, the decrease in profits and turnover may be attributed to sloppiness among employees. With multiple operations going on in the company, motivation and rewarding of employees should be the first priority if they have to get back to their profit making ways. In an argument by Schepers, et al., (2005) an organization where the needs of employees are ignored, the turnover and profits rate must be at their lowest levels. Organizations must consider several factors when dealing in employee’s welfare. For instance, the cost of acquiring a new labour workforce in the United Kingdom is very costly. The U.K as a developed country, individuals

Preliminary steps toward oral presentation Essay

Preliminary steps toward oral presentation - Essay Example At last, the author decides to wake up despite the weather being cold with little to do. The poet decides to make much out of the bad weather. Margaret Atwood, the author of the poem, was born in Canada (Atwood 1). This piece of bibliographic information about her is relevant in the poem because the country experiences the winter season, just as she describes it in the poem, which is very cold and people have to stay indoors and heat their houses to keep warm. On the other hand, Atwood has been associated with Mary Webster who despite having been sentenced to death for witchcraft was able to escape for a second time with the noose. This kind of resilience is what Atwood advocates for in the poem by emphasizing that regardless of what one is going through, he or she should not despair. The poet uses a metaphor â€Å"† at the beginning of the poem in describing the winter season. Largely, the poem is organized around this description. The metaphor means that during the winter season not much is going around except staying indoors and engaging in simple activities that one can perform without having to go out. For instance, the poet is still asleep with the cat keeping indoors despite the other cat trying to have it get out. On the other hand, people have to stay in the house and heat the house to keep warm, while the poet says that she longs for French fries. Diction is essential in poetry as the selection of words in a piece of work can express action, feeling, or attitude. For instance, the poet uses words such as â€Å"wise hominids† instead of human being to stress the fact that although human beings are wise, sometimes they cannot do sensible thing. It indicates the level of disappointment that the poet has in people. The poet also uses a word such as pollution instead of smoke to indicate the level at which desperation can cause more harm than good. In terms of syntax, the poet changes violates the

Social issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social issues - Essay Example If the figure of 200 000 backstreet abortions is used (assuming that it is accurate which highly questionable) and these backstreet abortions are now performed legally, then this will cost the state R200 million a year! Consider also that the abortion increased 16 fold in the USA when it was legalised - from 100 000 to 1,6 million a year.1 Can the Health Department cope with this In terms of the economy, abortion undermines future growth. It is still too early for us to see the effects now, but the disastrous consequences are going to be visable very soon. A recent study shows that abortion is going to be an economic disaster. The report calculates that for every European and American who is aborted, it costs their economy $1 5000 000. In terms of today's (1994) money adjusted to present value, the average American or European spends over $1 177 000 in his lifetime in terms of housing, medicine, clothes, transport and so on. He also pays over $440 000 in taxes in his lifetime. This makes $1 617 000 in total. So this means that the doctor may get $300 for murdering that baby which immediately helps the abortion industry. However, there are other industries that will be adversely affected. The cost to America alone of their aborted babies is well over $41 trillion! These figures are too large for any of us to grasp, but understand that America's entire deficit is $4 trillion, while their abortions will cost 10 times more than even the total debt of America. What will the cost for South Africa be2 2. Backstreet Abortions Increase Will those who perform these abortions have either the equipment or the knowledge to deal with complications that may occur Count the cost in terms of money and human lives that will result from botched legal abortions. Speaking before the 93rd Congress of the US, Senator James Buckley stated: "Data from foreign countries having far longer experience with legalised abortion than we have had in the US, suggest that legalisation has no effect on the criminal abortion rate. In at least three countries, the criminal abortion rate has actually risen since legalisation. Legalised abortion moves the back alley abortionists into the front office where their trade can be practised without fear of criminal prosecution."3 Dr Christopher Tietze, an abortion advocate, concedes: "Although one of the major goals of the liberalisation of abortion laws in Scandinavia was to reduce the incidence of illegal abortion, this was not accomplished. Rather as we know from a variety of sources, both criminal and total abortions increased." [original emphasis]4 Regardless of whether abortions are legal or not, some women will have abortions and some women will die from complications. Certainly all the babies will die. However, legalising abortion greatly increases the number of abortions. In various surveys 40-85% of the women said they would not have aborted their babies if it had been illegal. 5 We must not legalise procedures that kill the innocent just to make the killing process less dangerous. 3. Parallels between Abortion & Slavery Slavery in centuries past and abortions in this century were defended and promoted by the same arguments. Consider the case in the USA: In 1857, in the Dred Scott case, the US Supreme Court decided, by a 7 to 2 majority, that according to the US Constitution, black

Stasiland Essay Essay Example for Free

Stasiland Essay Essay â€Å"This society, it was built on lies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Why does Funder find it so difficult to uncover the truth? In writing Stasiland, Funder is intent on finding out the truth of the East German regime. She interviews various people that either worked for the Stasi, or had a run in with them, in order to discover the facts about what really happened during the time of the GDR. Uncovering the truth becomes difficult for Funder, as she realizes that the entire operation was built on â€Å"lie after lie after lie. † The Stasi went to extreme lengths to cover up what was really happening to the people in their custody. The story of Miriam Weber includes different examples of the Stasi either lying about their actions or keeping them concealed. After Miriam attempted to climb over the Berlin Wall, she was interrogated and deprived of sleep until she told the interrogator a story about a fake underground escape organisation that told her how to get over the Wall. The Stasi could have then charged her for Deception of the Ministry, but they didn’t, in order to hide the fact that they wouldn’t let Miriam sleep, which was classed as torture. Another possible lie that the Stasi kept was the death of Miriam’s husband, Charlie. Charlie dies in Stasi custody and according to them he had taken his own life, but the Stasi could not tell her how he had hung himself. It was clear that the Stasi even ran the funeral agency, as they insisted that there would be no laying out of the body and that it will have to be cremated, as if to cover up and destroy the evidence of how Charlie really died. The Stasi went to a substantial amount of trouble to hide the truth. Funder finds it extremely difficult to uncover the truth. She hears the numerous stories of different characters, but some these characters don’t really know what the truth is, and others may be too scared to let the truth out. The victims of the Stasi don’t know how extensive the investigations into their own lives were, and the only way for them to find out is to read their own file, which has been destroyed. The people who were members of the Stasi seem to explain to Funder about what really happened behind the closed doors of the GDR, but they don’t reveal any truths that are not already known. They don’t want to expose who they are, or their secrets of how horribly intrusive and malicious they were, because they are scared of their victims getting revenge on them. This becomes clear when Funder goes to interview von-Schnitzler, to find that he has his wife’s maiden name on his door, rather than his own name.

The Difference in Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

The Difference in Race and Ethnicity Essay I have had an opportunity to read three great short stories. The short stories were The Welcome Table, Country Lovers, and Child of the Americas. All of them were amazing stories, betraying ethnic challenges, and some responsibilities. I think overall, everyone should read those stories in order to get certain perspective on culture, and understanding on how they lived during the time frame in their life. I also think the short stories provide an understanding in some respects, of how racial divide was apparent during that timeframe. As far as a declarative statement on this matter, I would like to show examples of the literature readings as it correlates with the perspectives of the racial divide, segregation, and overall trials in which ethnic individuals have had to go through. The assertion, I would like to provide is that, short stories can be a direct reflection on time periods that are occurring in life in spite of it being fiction. Our ancestors lived in a time of slavery and segregation. There was no unity between mankind unless the skin color was the same. There was no equality between man and woman and there was no justification to why anyone would be treated superbly unless they were white. It was thought that black people were diseased, filthy and inferior. Over the years, it took people like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , Rosa Parks, and Harriett Tubman to make a statement and help change the future for all other races, not just African Americans. Today, although racism still exists, it is illegal to discriminate against anyone for any reason to include race. The Literary works such as â€Å"Alice Walker’s The Welcome Table, Nadine Gordimer’s Country Lovers, and Aurora Levin’s Morales’s Child of the Americas† give feeling, and meaning to the different angles of racial segregation and acceptance. These literary pieces open one’s eyes and heart to what has been experienced by many if not by one personally. The Welcome Table by Alice Walker is a story about an old, African American woman who is looked down on by the white community. On her way to church, she was stared at with disgust, with pity and with fear. Once inside the church, it was made clear that she didn’t belong and was not welcomed there. â€Å"Under the old womans arms they raised their fists, flexed their muscular shoulders, and out she flew through the door, back under the cold blue sky† (Clugston. , 2010)Upon being thrown out, the old woman saw Jesus approaching and soon walked away with him. She walked herself to death and yet no one ever spoke of the ragged old women. No one cared what happened to her for she was just an old black woman who stepped in to the house of God, the God of the white race, a place in which she didn’t belong. It is stories like these that make you wonder of the cruelty that was endured by many in the past. Alice Walker made it clear in her short story the feeling and thought that many had toward African American. Her description of the old woman was strong enough to paint a vivid picture of what the woman looked like. â€Å"She was angular and lean and the color of poor gray Georgia earth, beaten by king cotton and the extreme weather† (Clugston, 2010). African Americans worked harder than everyone else on the farms of the past. They were owned by the white farmers during slavery and even after slavery was abolished, they still were employed by the white farmers. Walker makes it easier to understand that although slavery was no longer, segregation and hatred to all who were African American was still very strong. There was no acceptance from anyone regardless of the fact that most of the white families were taken care of or raised by African Americans. There was no sympathy, just disgust and disapproval. Unlike Walker’s piece, Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer shows a slightly different side of race and segregation. In Walker’s piece, there was no acceptance, no love, no feeling of mutuality. Gordimer on the other hand, talks about children playing together in the yard and fields. Race having no impact on how they interact, the kids play together and get along like family. As the time goes on and the kids get older, they begin to go their separate ways. The white children are sent off to school while the black children begin to work around the house and farm. A white boy and black girl from the story grow up together as close friends. They establish a relationship that compares to no other. When the boy goes off to school, he continues to stay friends with the girl. As he gets older and he hangs out more with his white school friends, he hides his friendship with his childhood friend. The friendship between the two had bloomed to something more, it had bloomed into a secret love. What would the rest of his family or friends think or say had they known that he loved this girl? A black employee to the boy’s father like in â€Å"The Welcome Table,† black people were looked down and were only good and useful to tend to the fields and the house work. They were not meant for friendship or relationships; they are not accepted as social beings. They are strictly workers. At the end of the story, the sexual and loving relationship that once was, is brought to an end by the birth of a baby that was unwanted and denied by the white boy. He refuses to admit his love and to differ from the world around him. Why wouldn’t he profess his love for this girl now that they have a child together? I believe this piece shows how society plays such a great role in the actions, feelings, and thoughts of humans everywhere. Had racial segregation been something of a distant dream, would the outcome be the same. Why do people act based on the perception and thought of those around them? Race plays a major role in Gordimer’s story. It determines the outcome of the story from start to finish. How many people have gone through a situation of the sort? For those who do not know what it feels like to be discriminated against because of race, this story takes a very personal subject and ties it in emotionally. Many people have experienced love and parenthood. How would one feel if the love of their life denied them in front of everyone because of their skin color? What if their child was denied or killed because of what others would say or do? Losing someone is never easy but to lose someone over something uncontrollable like race, it is heartbreaking. Readers are able to relate and feel what this young black girl is feeling as she grows up and away from the boy she has always loved. The relationship starts as one that everyone can relate to; a story of friends and soon turns in to a heart-felt, pain stricken story of betrayal and solitude. It was not until after the Civil War that segregation became illegal. There were still many states that were fighting for complete desegregation but African Americans were able to do things that their ancestors could only dream (Cozzens, 1995). Although integration of races was put into order by law, people found other ways to show their disapproval for what they believed was the inferior race: African Americans. Political groups formed in retaliation to the integration laws that had been passed and were taking effect. In the 1960’s, following many Civil Rights movements, a group known as the Ku Klux Klan became very active and violent towards who they thought were un-American. This abuse and hatred was towards more than just African Americans, it went towards Jews, Catholics and immigrants as a whole (Newton, 2007) Knowing that African Americans were not the only ones in the world hated by the white American society, Aurora Levin’s Morales’s poem Child of the Americas the acceptance of one’s race regardless of the thoughts of society. In this poem, Morales describes herself as an American, Puerto Rican, Taina, Mestiza, Caribbean, European, African, and altogether, an immigrant (Clugston. , 2010). She goes on to talk about how she lives her life in a certain way particular to each individual race. Each piece lives within her and she is happy and proud of the person she is. In today’s society, many people are not happy with themselves and try to conform to what they feel is socially acceptable. Morales’s poem opens up the hearts and minds to those who are mixed or born outside of the United States. Many feel like outsiders, like they do not belong. Instead of being themselves and being happy whether they get the approval of all or not, many sell themselves short in order to please. I believe Morales’s poem paints a very clear and concise picture across the page. The poem show that no matter what society thinks, one will never be happy or satisfied without being happy or satisfied with oneself. Morales using very distinguishing actions that one could relate to being Hispanic or a â€Å"child of the Americas†. She uses everyday life experiences that many can relate to vice fictional ideas that would make ones imagination do all the work. It is almost as if she was speaking not only for herself but for every Latin American that lives in the United States. â€Å"I was born at the crossroads and I am whole† (Clugston. , 2010). â€Å"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects individuals against employment discrimination on the bases of race and color, as well as national origin, sex, and religion. Title VII applies to employers with 15 or more employees, including state and local governments. It also applies to employment agencies and to labor organizations, as well as to the federal government† (The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2011). It is laws like these that keep our country somewhat free from races and cultures being treated as inferior. Although there are many different laws against racism, segregation and discrimination, it still occurs in today’s world. Each literary piece described above is different in many ways. There are underlying factors which give each story its own theme but at the end, race is represented very strongly within them all. Had the world not been so racial divided, would these storied have the same meaning? Would these pieces even exist? Race and how it is looked upon is the main theme that each story has in common. Although unconditional love, self-acceptance and social standing are also a theme within the three pieces, it is hard to look over the common denominator. Many times, writers can write about similar stories but different underlying themes change the way the stories are interpreted and what is taken from the story as a lesson learned. For example, had another write wrote a poem about being mixed in race but being widely accepted or being the popular person in society, the focus would be put on the social life vice the personal acceptance and gratification of being a happy individual that Morales shows in her piece. Had Walker’s piece been focused more towards Jesus and his acceptance of all regardless of race, the outcome of the story may have changed. The story may have revolved on praise and worship vice who treated the old woman poorly and why. As we learn to read and divulge in many different literary works, we learn to notice different themes and meanings behind each piece. Themes like race are very noticeable and very strong themes that get the wheels turning in the mind. Not many people can realize a theme in a story but the three pieces discussed in this paper all have very obvious and very strong themes that anyone and everyone can empathize and relate to. How can one read something of the sort and not relate or imagine feeling? It is nearly impossible especially since it is something that was fought for by many for years on end. It is something that many have witnessed or heard stories about; a part of history that will never be forgotten. Although literary works may be similar in theme or topic they are far from written the same way. The literary pieces discussed are all just as different as they are similar. Each work is written differently, conveys different emotions and reactions and overall expresses a different level of understanding. Point of view differs within each piece and with the difference it makes the reader’s perception of the story different. For example, Morales writes her piece using the first person point of view. It gives the reader a personal insight to what the writer is feeling and trying to express. Third person point of view leaves the readers mind open to visualization of many different things. There are many stories out in the world that touch base with issues such as racism, segregation, and discrimination. Whether in first person or third person; whether fact or fiction, these stories and poems all have share similar meaning and theme. Writers of racial themes put across the pain and chaos that these difference cause. Many people often times fail to see the pain behind things such as discrimination but through symbolism, metaphors, and other key literary terms these feelings, emotions and experiences are brought to light. Race is an issue that many people deal with on a day to day basis regardless what side of the spectrum they are on. Having read each piece of work, I can say that themes in each were very different yet strong and imaginative. A reader can never say that the imagination was not stimulated with the thought and understanding of each piece of work. Each piece establishes a sense of strength, love and personal experience throughout the piece. As a reader, I can say that after reading each piece I felt connected to the characters within whether it is imaginatively or realistically. Racism exists even to this day. We witness it through hate crimes committed in some of what are thought to be the safest places, like schools and churches. The Jena 6 controversy in Louisiana was a situation in which a white student was beaten up by a group of African American students after three nooses were left hanging on a tree where one of the African American students sat the day before. This tree was said to be a hangout for white students only (The case of the Jena six: black high school students charged with attempted murder for schoolyard fight after nooses are hung from tree [Radio series episode]., 2007). This controversy became a national headline in the news because many saw it as African Americans being portrayed as inferior and the root of all evil. People did not see any wrong from anyone else but the African Americans and vice versa. This and other such issues leave people with the feeling that racism and discrimination is something that is among us all and subject to come out when we least expect it. Can literary works like the ones discussed open up the eyes of the readers to the feelings that hatred and racial segregation causes? I believe that each one of these literary works has a strong racial theme and each one can impact a reader in a way that was not expected. As we become strong and more in depth readers, themes like these will become more vibrant and obvious to see. Race and ethnicity is nothing more than an exterior color and difference in geographical location (Hallam, 2004). The authors make it clear that these difference cause lots of separation and heartache. These themes not only educate on historical experience but on what should be put to rest as an unhappy and disapproving issue that is ongoing in society.

Importance Of Geography To International Relations Politics Essay

Importance Of Geography To International Relations Politics Essay At first, it is necessary to identify the important issues that are going to be developed, I rather to start with the international relations which is the study of human interactions through national borders and the factors that affect those interactions. This definition briefly gives a globalized approach that makes people understand that nations are not the unique actor involve in the developed of the international relations but now there are many other institutions that actually affect those relationships and in some cases can change its complete direction. Those new actors can be intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, international nongovernmental organizations and multinational corporations. On the other hand, there is the geography that would be explained based on this quote: Geography is the study of the patterns and processes of human (built) and environmental (natural) landscapes, where landscapes comprise real (objective) and perceived (subjective) space.  [1]  , in a simple way the previous definition immediately reminds us to the key problem to treat. The most important relation between the geography and the international relations appeared when countries realize the differences they had with their neighboring countries, in culture, thinking and the last but the relevant one, the resources. In the final years of the XIX century began the study of the geopolitics  [2]  that appears as consequences of three important situations that occurred in the international level. The first one is the consolidation of nation-state that is a territory with a population whose has sovereignty and the power to manage that territory, when this word was defined, the head of the states was concern about having the bigger territory as it was possible, also appears terms related with the national interest. The second event that marked the study of geopolitics is the II industrial revolution where the main resource demanded was the economic capital and in a secondary instance, the natural resources; with the revolution, states become aware of the nee d of the resources that they did not have so they had to get it from other nation-states. The third thing is related to the liberalism and the socialism that in few words, are expansionist ideologies. The socialism that says that the best government is the one that guarantees the equality between the members of the society people under this believe thinks that the socialism is possible just if it is in a global scale, and the liberalism is the ideology of the believe that the democracy is the best polity and every single country must have it, these theory arises and develop the idea of the universal rights. The factors already named, are the causes of the emergence of the interrelation between the geography and the international relations because the strategic countries started to look in the non strategic countries a sources to get everything they needed to increase their economies and guarantee a successful development of their society, so they began invading other territories already delimited (randomly) and tried to impose their authority everywhere they arrive, this caused a drastically changed in the international relation because every single country realized that they were not alone and that now had to fight to keep the current state they had, also states were seeing each other as a treat, because of this there were continues fights. A significant example of this, is what happened in Europe in the final years of the XIX centuries, the time know as the age of imperialism. Having occurred a list of situations that changed the image that Europe had of themselves. European countries saw Africans as defenseless people that needed to be defended. They sent people to study the behavior of the people living in the black continent, after a period the powerful European countries were completely inside of Africa and had a control over it. The imperial that used strategies to get the richest (resources) places in Africa was Great Britain who developed important naval and military power to fight not just with Africans but also to defeat the other European countries such as Portugal, France and Germany that were also trying to expand their territory and sovereignty in the dominated country. Finally Great Britain got the power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic and from Cabo to Cairo. This has many consequences for the world order and organization, in this moment began the overseas trade of slaves and caused the emergence of African countries as nations whose h as their power based on guns. There some important authors that consider that without the age of imperialism do not hear were possible things like the spread of European languages in the hold world, also were an absence of institutions that makes the international relations what it is today. The previous paragraph shows how the application of the geography in the decisions to make in the international level (that affect another nations and their relation) can produce a lot of consequences, those would be positive or negative but the history shows that most of them has been positives and those that were negative, evolved while the time was running and now we live in a organized world that obviously is not perfect but at least spite of that are many potential fights, this can be and are controlled with the tools that international institutions has to keep the world order and the peaceful relations between nations. Another example that can be explained to prove the affirmation at the beginning is what is happening in the Antarctic, the polar caps are being thawed. But what happens with this situation? At first, it is known that many countries have their economy based in the freight transport or activities related to, some countries are Malaysia, Netherlands Panama and Singapore. The way how they are affected is because this important geographic change, caused because of an environmental issue, makes that the ports that are placed in those countries are not going to be as crowed as they used to be. All this because of the National geography showed a documental about how a group of Fishers in a big fishing boat decided to explore the Antarctic and see how difficult would be to cross from the Atlantic to the pacific to arrive to China, avoidant passed by the Indian Ocean. Second consequences is that now exist (for some countries) the possibility to distributed the last part of the world (the only one that has not being distributed) experts in geography and geopolitics affirms that it could (and most likely) leads to a struggle for having control over that zone. The third issue related to this change is about Netherlands, some projections demonstrate that if the polar caps continue thawing, this country ,that is place under the sea level and that has survive with the develop of very specific engineering, would be partially awash. Again it was prove, the international relations is considerably affected by the geography, this example is just a supposition of what would happen, but there consequences (positive or negative) may be much deeper of what it has been explained. Not to go too far, there is perfect example happening inside of Colombia and involve United States on one hand and on another hand is Venezuela and Ecuador. This is related to the military bases that United States has and use in Colombia. The interest of the US on having a close relation with Colombia is not exactly to help the country, but is for the geographical position. It is known that allied countries on Venezuela ´s side are facing the consequences of having a revolutionary government and in the case of Venezuela; they are having many structural changes to become a socialist country. Because of this, Venezuela and Ecuador are seen as potential threats. So, what US want is to somehow have a control over the region or at least being constantly reported about what is happening in those neighboring countries. The example shows how a geographical position of one country could become this attractive, for another country that is a world power, and leads to create and maintain a rel ation just to explore around him. Nowadays it still being important the geography in the international relations but, for many people, has took a secondary position in order of relevance, this is because of the globalization, with developing of technology, the media communication and the many cheap and fast means of transport, the hold world is constantly connected and easily what happens in one place has consequences in another extreme of the world. So, is not necessary to being neighboring countries to attack or to have influence over a region or country. Can be said that the affirmation made in the last paragraph is truth but has a critic and is that spite that the economies are highly developed, somewhere almost everything can be produce or invented and the transportation is not a problem anymore; there are some resources that are vital for a society to exist but that are scarce resources and the real fight will come when countries begin to use the force or the military force to obtain those scarce resources. Those are water and oil, but the last one is the one about the countries are already concern, everywhere there is people trying to find a complete substitute of this and there are many advances on it but oil continue having its key importance. Everybody would think that maybe the coming war is going to be in Europe again or maybe Asia but it is not, this war will be in the Middle East exactly where are placed Iraq, Iran and Syria. All this is because between those countries they have the 55% of the world ´Ã‚  [3]  s oil res erves. Finally, can be said that the geography is not a physical study but also gets involves in the human activities and interactions, also is related to the international relations being more specific, is related to the foreign policy of a country, this is because when an issue about distribution (resources, land, space, sea) emergence every single country need to establish their position and an idea of how are they going to act when facing the issue. When the geopolitics appeared, there were some events that mark the way it was going to be studied and how would be that study based on. Those events are the definition of nations-states (territory, population and sovereignty), the II industrial revolution that made countries to see the need of interdependence they should create and have, to develop the production and the new definition in that time, the economies of scale. The third factor that influence the study of the geopolitics is the liberalism and the socialism that are theories about the best polities to be applied on a state. Another important argument that supports the affirmation was the historical approach, because there plenty of evidence that shows that we are not alone and is needed to interact with other countries and organizations in order to get an improvement or to decrease a threat. Well, States are interconnected, and is important to keep a peaceful relation to maintain a world order and stability in the international level. When a problem is being studied, it is vital to go to a Geographic map to understand which could be the geographical factors that influence in the develop of the problem or also doing this, can be conclude that the problem is a totally about a geographical factor. Also many people involve in the geopolitics believes that the international relation just talks about who can do what to whom  [4]   and this would not to be answer without taking into account many other science but from all of it, the most determinant is the geography.

The Mayas, Aztecs, And Incas Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations each originated from Latin America. Some Mayans lived in southern Mexico in the present day states of Chipas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yacatan, and Quintana Roo. Other Mayans lived in Central America in the countries of Belize, Guatemala, and ancient Honduras. The Incas lived in an Empire which they called Tawantinsuyu. Tawantinsuya means four parts. The Incas lived in present day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. The four parts were a long coastal strip, the high peaks and deep fertile valleys of the Andes, and the mountainous edges of the tropical forest to the East. The Aztecs were from Aztlan in either north or northwest Mexico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each Maya City governed it's surrounding area and some large cities each controlled one or more smaller cities. A Maya City ruler would be succeeded by his younger brother or son. This led generations of a single family to rule for hundreds of years. Inca leaders kept their power by giving entertainment and luxurious goods as gifts to the people. The citizens paid taxes in return for these gifts. In the Inca culture, the emperor married his sister and his generals would be his relatives. The Inca rulers were allowed to govern independently. The Aztec power was held together by land ownership. A few families shared a piece of land and part of the land was given to the state as a tax.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entire Maya families ...

Graduation Speech: We Are the Dreamers of Dreams :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Though our state isn't known for its cold winters, the winter of my junior year seemed to be the most frigid of my life. Every morning I would trudge through mud puddles on my way to the distant portable toliet that received no announcements and was supplied with absolutely no heat. We were all assured that this was an underhanded scheme of Mr. Rives to keep us all awake in the morning. It got so bad that in a show of rage each student came to class with a blanket and sad face the day Mr. Rives was to be observed by administration. Soon enough, the heater was fixed. This event was just one of many casualties of construction; the remodel of Staten our junior year threw us back in with the freshmen, walking around dazed but impressed with what we saw, and leaving my first period class confused by the inability to solve our heater dilemma. The sense of confusion and entering something bigger than ourselves that we're confronted with our freshmen year never really leaves us - no matter h ow comfortable we became at Staten we were always caught in a whirlpool of change. After today we'll all be embarking into different worlds, but the lessons we've learned together throughout these four years of friendship, trauma, and dreams will help guide us through the new mazes set up for us, and though we may not be together, the experiences we've shared will help us through. Ferris Bueller, an icon of all that is high school, stated that, "Life moves pretty fast. If you don't stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it." Though some of us will still testify that these years have gone by much too slowly, most will be willing to admit that they've gone faster than we initially expected. Our freshmen year we entered Staten firmly locked in the cliques that carried over from middle school, only to watch them slowly dissipate as we met new, exciting people in each of our classes. This was the year of the blessed late start days and the introduction of the seemingly impossible new standards. Our freshmen football team battled its way to an undefeated season as we powerhoused our way through the year, struggling to stay afloat in the sea of new faces, traditions, and teacher reputations. Treading water we finally broke in to summer, eager to carry out plans with friends, new and old, and to take a break from the homework we had finally grown accusto med to.

uncertainty in our life Essays -- essays research papers

After learning the concept of post-modernism in class and doing some research on the internet, I have a rough idea of what the postmodernism is. In this essay I will discuss the postmodern elements in the movie  ¡Ã‚ °Run Lola Run ¡Ã‚ ±. By watching this movie, I think that  ¡Ã‚ °Run Lola Run ¡Ã‚ ± is a movie which is fast paced, exciting and attractive. Moreover, it offers three sections, each comprising the same story, but told in contrasting ways; which in my opinion makes this movie quite different from other common movies and the uncertainty of the postmodernism view of life obvious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, the movie has an unusual opening. When the movie begins, there are just many people on the screen; and I cannot find any clue to the plot or the setting. However, I think this opening shows Bonnycastle ¡Ã‚ ¯s idea of postmodernism which is  ¡Ã‚ °it is hard to know what you might encounter next or what kind of transaction might be expected of you ¡Ã‚ ± (Bonnycastle 232); in other words, I think the opening wants to show us there are various people on the earth, and their fate and destiny are different. After this unusual opening, the main characters Manni and Lola appear on the screen; however, after they finish their phone call, I understand what has happened. In addition, Lola has a mere 20 minutes to get a large amount of money to her boyfriend so that he will not be killed by his boss. In fact, it seems impossible to do such a thing in 20 minutes; however, I think this is what the audiences will find the most attractive. In addition, I guess the director wants each member of the audiences to imagine the next 20 minutes in their own mind before they see the result of the movie. However, I am sure that each person ¡Ã‚ ¯s ending will be different as this is a reflection of the uncertainty of the postmodernist view of life. Consequently, the first part of the movie only interests me in what will be going on in the next 20 minutes. After Lola hangs up the phone, the movie shows Lola running. The movie uses rapid camera movements and accompanies by a pulse-pounding soundtrack to make me follow Lola with every turn she runs. With the movie goes on, I feel that the main characters Lola and Manni do not fit stereotypical gender roles in this movie. As Bonnycastle says  ¡Ã‚ °[you] may be uncertain about the sex of some of the people who surround you, and about how much p... ...; however, sometimes we never care about the tiny changes but it does reflect the uncertainty of postmodernism view of life. In this movie, not only the main characters ¡Ã‚ ¯ lives but also all the characters ¡Ã‚ ¯ lives show the uncertainty of postmodernism view of life. In each section Lola passes by the same bystanders. For example, the old woman, nuns and man on bike, their lives are changed in different ways. Moreover, in the last section of the movie, I feel the result is interesting and give audiences a surprise. In the first two section of the movie, one of Lola and Manni will die at the end, but last section ends with a comedy. Manni finds his lost money from the beggar; however, Lola wins 100,000 marks in the Casino. This ending seems perfect, and it shows that the life is changeful. From the changes in different section of the movie, it gives me a feeling about that our life is full of uncertainties. Each of the same characters in the movie has several different results and this obviously reflects the ideas of the postmodernism view of life. After I watched this movie, I am thinking of one problem, what will the result be in my life when there are various uncertainties ahead?

Alcohol Abuse Essay

Alcohol abuse is perhaps one of the biggest problems in the United States today. It is not only a personal problem that dramatically affects an individual’s lives, but moreover those that surround such a life. In the essay â€Å"Under the Influence† by Scott Russel Sanders, he expresses his emotions through a poem. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke. â€Å"The whiskey on his breath could make a small boy dizzy; but hung on like death; such waltzing was not easy.† (258). This poem is one of many effective devices that Sanders uses to clearly and decisively convey to us the readers of how profound the effects of alcoholism are. Sanders reflects back to his childhood and explains his complex relationship with his alcoholic father and the after effects now that he is a grown up. One of Sanders memorable comments in his essay is when he states his father â€Å" He would not hide the green bottles in his tool box, would not sneak off to the barn with a lump under his coat, would not fall asleep in the daylight, would not roar and fume, would not drink himself to death, if only I were perfect† (255). What a strong point of view in a little boys mind; to think, â€Å"if only I were perfect† his father would not drink! Sanders tell us how our children experience the burden, of the effects of alcoholism. Sanders said, â€Å"Father ‘s drinking became the family secret. While growing up, we children never breathed a word of it beyond the four walls of our house† â€Å"I asked my mother if she ever spoke of his drinking to friends. ‘No, no, never’ she replied hastily. ‘I couldn’t bear for anyone to know’†(257). It must be very difficult for a family and, especially for a child not to be able to communicate their suffering to others. Sanders as a chills wasn’t able to be honest; he was force to live a lie. Another comment from Sanders was, â€Å" I hated also the Gallo brothers, Ernest and Julio, whose jovial faces shone from the labels of their wine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †I meant to go out there and tell Ernest and Julio what they were doing to my father, and then, if they showed no mercy. I would kill them† (259) Sanders contrast the jovial faces on the wine label to the reality of his father’s fuming. character. Sanders closes with, â€Å"I still do- once a week, perhaps, a glass of wine, a can of beer, nothing stronger, nothing more. I listen for the turning of a key in my brain† (266). Sanders is comparing his drinking to his father’s drinking as an alcoholic. Unlike his father, Sanders is not an alcoholic and has the ability to control his drinking. Work Cited Sanders, Scott Russel. â€Å"Under the Influence† Fifty Great Essays Editor. Robert Diyanni. Pearson. 2011 Pages 258, 255, 257, 259.

Accounting Essay 7

At the end of 2011, contain gain for the Bisk political party was $1,750. taxation earned by the company in 2011 was $2,000, expenses give during the stop consonant were $1,100, and dividends give during the period were $500. Based on this tuition al unitary, retained meshwork at the ancestry of 2011 was pic pic $850. picpic $1,350. pic $4,000. pic $2,150. primarily accepted report principles stands for pic pic Generall(a)y permit Auditing Principles pic Government Authorized account logical argument Procedures pic Generally Applied Accounting Procedures picpic Generally Accepted Accounting Principles The thorough equity of Timberlake ph integrityr at the beginning of 2011 arriveed to $3,500.During 2011 the company reported net income of $1,800 and paid a $500 dividend. If retained earnings at the end of 2011 is $2,cc, what was beginning contributed cap? pic pic $2,100 pic $3,100 pic $four hundred picpic $2,600 Which of the by-line could represent the effect of an plus source transaction on a companys pecuniary statements? pic pic pic pic pic pic picpic pic pic pic The Mason Company is a manufacturer of fine billet furnishings.Which term best describes Masons role in society? pic pic Regulatory Agency picpic renewing Agent pic Consumer pic Resource Owner Which of the by-line could describe the effects of an asset commutation transaction on a companys pecuniary statements? pic pic pic pic pic pic picpic pic pic pic Which of the following groups has the primary responsibility for establishing generally accepted accounting principles for business entities in the United States? pic pic U. S. Congress. pic Internal Revenue Service. picpic monetary Accounting Standards Board. pic International Accounting Standards Board. During 2011, Childress Company earned $800 of cash revenue, paid $400 of cash expenses, and paid a $200 cash dividend to its owners. Based on this information alone, pic pic net income amoun ted to $400. pic total assets increased by $200. picpic cash inflow from operating activities was $400. pic all of these are correct. Dividends paid by a company are shown on the pic pic income statement. picpic statement of changes in stockholders equity. pic statement of cash flows. pic two b and c. Asset use proceeding always involve the payment of cash. pic picpic certain pic wrong The Sarbanes-Oxley Act includes several world-shaking reforms that affect the auditing profession, but it did not trend an audit firms ability to provide non-audit function to its audit clients. pic pic True picpic ill-judged Which of the following is not a common own of ethical misconduct? pic pic The capacity to rationalize. pic The mien of an opportunity. pic The mankind of pressure leading to an incentive. picpic The existence of a strong system of midland controls. after(prenominal) closing, only balance airplane accounts rich person non-zero balances. pic picpic True pic False After closing, only balance sheet accounts fork out non-zero balances. pic picpic True pic False Policies and procedures designed to quail the opportunities for fraud are often called pic picpic sexual controls pic accounting principles pic asset source transactions pic financial systems Aaronson Company experienced an accounting event that affected its financial statements as indicated below pic Which of the following accounting events could have authord these effects on ABCs statements? pic pic accepted accrued salaries owed to employees. picpic Earned revenue on account. pic Issued common stock. pic bargain ford equipment on account. The ethical standards for cognizant public accountants simply require that such accountants comply with applicable laws and regulations. pic pic True picpic False Which of the following is not a atom of the fraud triangle? pic pic Rationalization pic instancy pic Opportunity picpic Trust The purpose of the accum ulation basis of accounting is to pic pic Improve the companys earnings per share. picpic Report revenue when received. pic Improve the interconnected of revenue and expense in the comme il faut period. pic Report expenses when cash disbursements are made. A liability account normally has a account balance. pic pic True picpic False The financial statement ratio that may be of greatest interest to a companys stockholders is the amount of its return on equity. pic picpic True pic False A high value of the debt to asset ratio may indicate that a company has a high take of debt risk. pic picpic True pic False Which of the following errors would cause the debit berth of a streamlet balance to be larger than the recognition incline? pic pic Revenue earned on account was recorded with a debit to Cash and a deferred payment to Revenue. pic Purchase of supplies on account was recorded with a attribute to Supplies and a debit to Accounts Payable. picpic orbit purchased with cash was recorded with a debit to the Land account and a credit to Accounts Payable. pic None of these. The Armstrong Corporation recorded a business event using T-accounts as follows pic Which of the following reflects how this event affects the companys financial statements? pic pic picpic pic pic pic pic pic pic pic When a company receives cash in pass around from a customer, it should debit Cash and credit Accounts Receivable. pic pic True picpic False The left human face of a T-account is known as the pic pic Claims side picpic Debit side pic Credit side pic Equity side Debits decrease asset accounts. pic pic True picpic False Double immersion accounting requires that every entry must include at least one debit and at least one credit. pic picpic True pic False KMR Company provided restore service of $2,800 to a customer who paid $1,300 and promised to pay the remainder next month. Which of the following journal entries correctly records this transact ion? pic pic pic picpic pic pic pic pic pic

Cera Sanitaryware Ltd

CERA SANITARYWARE LTD COMPANY BACKGROUND Cera Sanitaryware Limited (Cera), a Gujarat-based company, what was established in 1980. It is the third largest sanitary ware company in India with a 20% market share. Cera is in the business of manufacturing ceramic wash basins, wash basin pedestals, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures and also in the business of trading of power. Its sanitaryware manufacturing plant is located at Kadi in Gujarat.It what does not have any material subsidiary.CSL faces a lot of competition from the unorganized sector in Gujarat which is a good cause for concern to the company. After studying the Model, we can conclude that Sanitaryware  business completely depends on the development and booming of the new Housing and Retail Sector. Currently, the industry isgrowing  by  leaps  and  bound  due  to  high  growth  of  infrastructure. In near future, the great phase of consolidation free wi ll start.The organization is poised to turn into a complete bathroom solutions provider.

†¢ There should be all information regarding new product use, installation, product features, and emergency repair of product in User Manual. †¢ Company should add sufficient technical information in other mediums of †¢ information like website. So potential customer can use alternate way for †¢ information. †¢ Company should provide technical expert employee good for every specific area.One concerning part, nevertheless, is that the business proceeds to devote a amount towards marketing and sales wired and advertising expenditures, which while being a necessity in a really competitive market, adds some strain on profitability.Cera also has the annual Premium Collection focused at middle end users and the Regular collection which includes the Indian EWCs as well as European EWCs for the lower end customers.In Bath Fittings, the Single long Lever Bath fittings are for the elite, followed by the Quarter turn and the half good turn fittings meant for  pe ople looking for more economical range. 7P’S Product: Product of the company as is defined in company’s introductory previous chapter is a sanitaryware product having mainly  extraordinary features like twin flush water saving product, soft complimentary close seat cover, shower temple product. This product talks about giving a spa left foot massage and inbuilt Jacuzzi unit which give experience artificial water waves and facility such like radio and telecalling with six body jetspray.By appearing elsewhere you may locate an incredible investment.

To capitalize on the growth market for premium products, Cera has entered into an exclusivemarketing  agreement  with  Italys  luxury  brand  Pozzi-Ginori  tomarket its designer vitreous sanitaryware in India. Promotion: Cera sanitaryware ltd. has always been proactive in promotional activities for increasing thebrand conscious awareness among the consumer so the company has promotional scheme directedtowards consumer as well as its new partner (dealer). Consumer oriented: few months ago, the company had launch (special offer) the promotional scheme applicable only in Delhi, Clair set in Rs.Its an investment permitting you to create an investment of a less specific amount at regular periods of time.employees need to be highly trained and qualified. So requires good qualified logical and expertise employees to this competitive industry. Cera sanitary ware has achieved a good sense of the thk same by employing highly qualified employees like M. B.Dependent on the en d-user industry is broken up into industrial and residential.

Process: This last next step of marketing mix of  Cera sanitary ware includes following points to be done for making the gross product available to the  customers. †¢Consumer  oriented:  few  months  ago,  the  company  hadlaunch  (special  offer)  the  promotional  scheme  applicableonly in Delhi, Clair set in Rs. 3999/- for only one month. Partner  oriented:  gold  scheme,  silver  scheme  and  foreigntravel scheme.Its other possible to get any of the brands mentioned before.†¢These all documents are then submitted to Head Office at Ahmedabad. †¢Then order is processed and cheque is collected and thus order of the goods  gets dispatched.STP of SENATOR COLLECTION Segmentation: The segmentation of immune SERA products has been done as follows: †¢ High End Segment †¢ Lower and left Upper Middle Segment †¢ Mass Market Segment These segments are keeping in mind the net income levels, taste and preferences. Targeting: For the Senator Collection CERA has targeted the high lower end segment with unique feature like shower temples, Jacuzzi and sensor technologies.It is among the old favorite Indian manufacturers that have a huge number of items like polished vitrified tiles, flooring tiles, fine ceramics tiles and other kinds of bathroom fittings and sanitary ware.

The switching cost is very low. Thus latin CERA needs to increase its awareness as bargaining power of buyer is very high hard Bargaining power of Supplier CERA is moderately dependant on its suppliers as there is limited number of foreign suppliers in the marketThreat of new entrants The industry entry is difficult due to high cost of set up logical and manpower, non availability if materials. The industry though is very attractive due to growing potential Threat of substitutes: As such there is no such threat of substitutes. Appendice 1 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS: †¢ India’s first to use natural gas firing.A number of the goods are a worthy add-on to a home.Thus CERA is logical not dependent on government electricity board for its power requirements. Others will give take a long time to catch up. Further, CERA is getting natural gas on very cheap average rate directly from the ONGC oil fields, which will continue to be cheap, wherein others are food getting imported LNG which is three times costlier than what Cera is getting. †¢ India’s first to launch twin flushtechnology ; 4 high liters flush WC.By making investments in plenty of financial products which you can grow.

†¢ Wide product range. Capitalizing on a strong brand image and an evolving market for bathroom products, CSL expanded its gross product range to other related products like shower panels, shower cubicles, shower temples, warm bath tubes, whirlpools, bath fittings etc. , which makes it a total bathroom solutions provider. †¢ Huge distribution network.It includes the markets SWOT analysis.†¢ The company has only one manufacturing plant at Kadi, Gujarat. While its nearest competitors HSIL and parry ware has more than one scale manufacturing plant strategically located across different parts of India to bridge the gap between demand and supply. †¢ Large unorganized existence. †¢ Low R;D for product innovation.Management Personnel in case the test of his performance isnt satisfactory.

Police Influence on Society

guard bow on SocietyThere invariably has been contravene amid rightfulness enforcement and heathenish and genial cast assorts. few debate jurisprudence of nature testament enchant an Afri bed Ameri usher go forth, Hispanic, or Asiatic in front they leave behind bar a tweed thither is in uniform manner a teaching constabulary exit drive a many(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)one glide path from a little(prenominal)er socioeconomic trend out front he or she lead bring a psyche from a much(prenominal) generous frame in clubhouse. Unfortunately, though the miserable referee carcass denies these allegations, bill tells a sort of distinct story.History of PolicingPrior to the 1970s, rightfulness enforcement jurisprudencemans were more(prenominal) oft than not ovalbumin mannishs, flipper rear 10 inches or above. Although this requisite no durable exists flatadays, in the 70s it meant Hispanics and Asiatics could never confront bef ore to a popular life in integrity enforcement and though African the Statesns could represent top compulsions, other(a)(a)wise smorgasbord practices unplowed them from travel to a high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) rank. In 1964, The civilized Rights procedure abolished moving in contrast (Walker, 2011) until now though minorities could plow patrol officeholders, other obstacles alike(p) harassment, slight(prenominal)er assignments, and the softness to make water white-tie complaints to those high in the surgical incision beca utilization these aged administrators make the regulations.This meant that African American, Hispanic, Latino, and Asian officers were disposed(p) modest tasks like clerical work, fucking duty, dispatch, and the process during ambition of sunrise(prenominal) offenders. Also, nonage officers seldom performed guard duties, which was a requirement for promotion, minorities undercoat it prodigiously harder to arrive the high(prenominal) ranks their Caucasian male counterparts could (Walker, 2011). Fortunately, things induce deepend significantly, and the role of law of nature officer for minorities turn out make up avalid, pregnant cyclorama of todays policing. For lesson, nonage use of goods and services as natural law officers has increase dramatically. African American and Hispanics be now a legal age in both(prenominal) law of nature departments.Furthermore, in nigh cities, African American, and Hispanic officers argon the volume of law of nature officers. The commanding piece indoors the company is the diversity in officers, gives incompatible cultures and culturalities patrol officers they can interrelate to more comfortably, which, in turn, strengthens the natural law/ association bond. n betimes agencies put forward motivator net profit to bilingualist officers if the legal age of a legitimate country where tho Spanish is verbalize by the legal age of the community. though on that point atomic number 18 unperturbed or so agencies imagined to anticipate secretion a pullst various genial sorts, plainly this is not believed to be unfeigned for the largest section of agencies.Arrest and Im prisonmentAlthough law enforcement itself has evolved, in that location be those who believe some things do not change the sermon of respective(prenominal)s from variant kindly concourses and social classes comprising this sagaciousness. ane family unit counselling on racial diversity transpires when a squ ar(a) departure in the balanceality of an heathenish group sense in the boilersuit domain and the attribute of the indistinguishable ethnic group high precipitateed at any other instance is situated in the evaluator process. For instance, 12% of the U.S. existence is African American, and as well reputation for virtually 40% of occlusives, 50% of the prison race, and 50 pct of the inmates on cobblers last run-in (Racial Disparities, 2012). An supererogatory attribute of racial disparity is brought to light when a advantageously bigger programmatical constituent of a racial/ nonage group than Caucasians, atomic number 18 old(prenominal) in an theatre of ope balancens of the whitlow evaluator brass.For example, more than golf club per centum of the get population of magnanimous males both incarce ranged, or on probation/ unloosen argon African American, as strange to the twain sh ar of heavy(a) Caucasian males (Racial Disparities, 2012). Furthermore, African Americans be arrested four-spot time as a good deal on medicine charges than Caucasian, though the ratio for medicate use mingled with the two atomic number 18 intimately identical.Theory on ExistenceRacial disparities in the cruel umpire argon put in 3 categories differential involvement, individual racialism, and institutional racism (Racial Disparities, 2012, p. 1) African-America ns and Hispanics atomic number 18 differentially remove-to doe with in whitlowity. Their execrable expression is because these groups be disconcert by a significantly higher rate of need and unemployment. near disparities atomic number 18 because of the disadvantage of officers, the prosecution, self-abnegation attorneys, judges, probation/ war cry officers, and liberate display board members as individuals (Racial Disparities, 2012).Prejudicial beliefs and racist mien argon characteristics of individual racism that leads to barbarous legal expert government action mechanism against minority groups and individuals. Finally, a portion of the disparities can be ascribe to institutional racism, which occurs because of statutes, classifications, and rapidness practices impart to inequality against racial minorities. sociable ClassTypically, light income beas argon cognise for higher outlaw activity and demoralise patrol heading the mortified windowpane t heory, which draw out disarrangement and decomposing neighborhoods be raising drive for sad behavior, are feeling to be a lesser bear on for legal philosophy. However, in higher class, more abounding neighborhoods, practice of law officers are notion to aim great presence, urinate alacritous chemical reaction time, and are less liable(predicate) to arrest or tatter a soulfulness from a higher direct of socioeconomics. From a semipolitical standpoint, though nearly legal philosophy force officers do not key in the midst of social classes however, police agencies and universal officials who do policing agencies, do.It is customary acquaintance that public officials guarantee to gain and celebrate the stand out of profuse members of the community, some of this is terminated by defend the ad hominem holding and family of the affluent. though this propagates verificatory kinds for police and the affluent, and has end-to-end history, it does not sol idify relationships among police and the less fortunate. law of nature in early America were choke picked by the affluent, and some are of the opinion this has not changed. Relationships surrounded by set out income neighborhoods and police are often labour because citizens in these sweeps are less presumable to chatter with a police officer out of hero-worship of fitting identify as a snitch, and nigh are not automatic to attempt their safety, or that of their families to attempt to composition or protest a crime.ConclusionJust as individual relationships are, at best, serious to manage, the relationship between the criminal justice transcription and a several(a) participation is no less difficult. Racial, cultural, gender, religious, and inner taste have unceasingly been, and more or less in all likelihood evermore leave be a significant area of lean and bigotry in American society today. though move have been taken to fell diagonal and discrimin ation against those of discrepancy ethnicities and socioeconomic groups, the concomitant that the system has been obligate into do laws to do this, is impress at the genuinely least.